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This final overarching report in a series documents research and recommendations RAND offered to the Air Force to help strengthen the development of a new office responsible for monitoring and promoting resilience among Air Force ...
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This final overarching report in a series documents research and recommendations RAND offered to the Air Force to help strengthen the development of a new office responsible for monitoring and promoting resilience among Air Force Airmen, civilian employees, and Air Force families. Efforts to boost resilience have become an important military response to suicide and other markers of distress and poor health. The report reviews the concepts and measures of resilience, resilience factors, hardiness and flourishing. It describes how resilience and the military's Total Force Fitness concepts are related. The report brings together highlights from the eight companion reports on each Total Force Fitness domain and characterizes types of Air Force data that could be used to track resilience.
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Department of Defense (DoD) Office for Military Community and Family Policy asked RAND to review federal military educational assistance programs available to active duty and reserve service members; develop a holistic system over...
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Department of Defense (DoD) Office for Military Community and Family Policy asked RAND to review federal military educational assistance programs available to active duty and reserve service members; develop a holistic system overview; identify program outcomes that program managers either currently measure or should be measuring; consider benchmarks of success to compare these programs against; and make recommendations for improving the way educational benefits for military personnel are managed and used, thereby potentially improving cost efficiencies of programs. It was outside the scope of this study to determine the effectiveness of these programs or to develop a comprehensive research design. While we describe a possible framework for a rigorous outcome evaluation, we have not analyzed any service member outcomes (educational, employment, or income) to determine whether those who used educational benefits are better off than if they had not had access to the benefits and/ or better off than those who did not use the benefits. A separate research effort would be required to perform an overall, comprehensive evaluation of educational assistance programs for service members. The research team considered federal education benefits programs available to service members that DoD, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) (which manages four programs available to personnel who are still in the military), and the Department of Education (ED) administer. We reviewed publicly available program information and discussed specific characteristics with program managers. We also reviewed academic literature on both civilian and military education benefit programs to identify common characteristics, performance measures, and outcome measures. The literature suggests that the benefits of educational assistance programs may extend well beyond retention, recruitment, loyalty, and worker productivity, both for civilians and military service members.
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The Post-9/11 Veterans Educational Assistance Act represented the largest expansion of veterans education benefits since their origin with the enactment of the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944. Modern bills reaffirm President...
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The Post-9/11 Veterans Educational Assistance Act represented the largest expansion of veterans education benefits since their origin with the enactment of the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944. Modern bills reaffirm President Franklin D. Roosevelt s declaration upon signing the original legislation that educational benefits are an integral way to support service members transition into civilian life and compensate them for the sacrifices made during military service. 3 Educational benefits have also historically helped to recruit and retain individuals for voluntary military service; service members consistently acknowledge the importance of education benefits in their enlistment decisions. For example, 62 percent of service members responding to the 1999 Active-Duty Survey selected education benefits as the primary reason for enlisting in the military4 and 74 percent of active-duty military and veterans responding to a 2014 survey indicated that receipt of educational benefits was either an important or very important reason for joining the military.5 The most popular and generous educational benefit available today is the Post-9/11 GI Bill, which took effect in August of 2009. With over 1 million users as of 2014, it significantly increased the higher-education benefits available to those who served on active duty in the U.S. armed forces after September 10, 2001. With over 2 million total post- 9/11 era veterans and planned military end strength reductions in the coming years, usage of the program will likely continue to grow both in participation and cost. It is therefore vital that military personnel and veterans understand and are able to access educational benefits in order to successfully reach their educational goals and earning potential.
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AETC established two primary purposes for the survey system: help detect abuse and misconduct in the training environment and provide data to help leaders identify ways to reduce abuse and misconduct. To meet these objectives, RAN...
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AETC established two primary purposes for the survey system: help detect abuse and misconduct in the training environment and provide data to help leaders identify ways to reduce abuse and misconduct. To meet these objectives, RAND developed two complementary surveys one for trainees and one for MTIs. The trainee survey is designed to assess trainees experiences of abuse and misconduct at BMT and identify any barriers that prevent them from reporting these incidents. The MTI survey is designed to complement the trainee survey and assesses the extent to which MTIs are aware of abuse and misconduct taking place. The MTI survey also examines their attitudes, perceptions of the work environment, and stressors that may influence their ability to prevent and respond to abuse and misconduct.
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To help the Air Force understand the implications of the Internet, social media, and other information and communication technologies (ICTs) for Airmen s social support networks, mental health, suicide prevention programs, and out...
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To help the Air Force understand the implications of the Internet, social media, and other information and communication technologies (ICTs) for Airmen s social support networks, mental health, suicide prevention programs, and outreach, RAND conducted a survey of 3,479 active-duty, guard, and reserve Airmen in 2012. Using survey responses weighted to represent the gender, age group, component and officer/enlisted composition of the force, RAND found that 6 percent of the sample scored on the negative end of the Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale 2 (GPIUS2) (Caplan, 2010, pp. 1089 1097). This 15-item scale measures indicators of undesirable behavior such as turning to the Internet when feeling down or lonely, thinking obsessively about going online, having difficulty controlling Internet use, and experiencing adverse life events due to Internet use. Among Airmen, negative GPIUS2 scores were significantly correlated with poor self-rated mental health, depressed mood, and loneliness. If the survey results are representative, more than 30,000 Airmen may be struggling with unhealthy patterns of Internet use. These findings are documented in a previous RAND report, entitled, Information and Communication Technologies To Promote Social And Psychological Well- Being In The Air Force: A 2012 Survey Of Airmen (Miller, Martin, Yeung, Trujillo, and Timmer, 2014). This report documents follow-on research providing the Air Force with a more in-depth review of the current state of knowledge on problematic Internet use (PIU), with special attention to populations and considerations most relevant for the military population and setting. It also draws implications for military leaders interested in potentially identifying, tracking, treating, or learning more about PIU within their organization. This report is written for both military and general readers. Subject-matter expertise is not required.
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This report explores the applicability of neighborhood studies theory and social indicators research to our understanding of the quality of life in and around military bases. Preliminary research suggests that a neighborhood studi...
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This report explores the applicability of neighborhood studies theory and social indicators research to our understanding of the quality of life in and around military bases. Preliminary research suggests that a neighborhood studies assessment of military installations and their environs could contribute to military decisionmaking in such areas as programming and distribution of resources across base support services. This exploratory analysis also highlights gaps in neighborhood studies methodology that need to be addressed in future research. Finally, we outline how a more in-depth neighborhood studies analysis of military installations could be conducted. This report results from the RAND Corporation s continuing program of self-initiated independent research. Support for this program is provided, in part, by donors and by the independent research and development provisions of RAND's contracts for the operation of its U.S. Department of Defense federally funded research and development centers.
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An organization's senior leadership can create, embed, and transmit an organization's culture. What leaders consistently pay attention to, reward, control, and react to emotionally provides an overarching cultural framework and ca...
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An organization's senior leadership can create, embed, and transmit an organization's culture. What leaders consistently pay attention to, reward, control, and react to emotionally provides an overarching cultural framework and can signal leaders' priorities for the organization. Inconsistent or nonsalient goals from leaders can cause confusion among subordinates and foster the emergence of an abundant set of subcultures within an organization, some of which may undermine organizational priorities. To help the Air Force ensure that the emphasis and content of messages its top senior leaders aim at its personnel reinforce stated cultural goals, RAND researchers conducted this analysis of cultural themes within these communications. The cultural goals of the Air Force leadership included 1. define the organization's purpose and identity for its members 2. promote the Air Force's core values 3. create a shared identity across the Air Force 4. reinforce a sense of value, recognition, and belonging among all Air Force personnel 5. care for the well-being of Airmen. Air Force publications, such as former Secretary of the Air Force Michael Wynne's Air Force Goal Card, expressed these in various forms. RAND assessed the level of consistency of senior leadership messages with these goals, using the set of messages addressed to Air Force personnel by Gen T. Michael Moseley (CSAF, September 2005-August 2008), the Honorable Michael W. Wynne (SECAF, November 2005-June 2008), and CMSgt Rodney J. McKinley (CMSAF, June 2006-present). We used a standard content analysis methodology to analyze the following messages dating from September 2005 to March 2008: 'Letter to Airmen' (either from the SECAF or jointly from the SECAF and CSAF), 'CSAF's Scope,' 'CSAF's Vector,' or 'The Enlisted Perspective' (from CMSAF).
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NASA engineers are some of the world's best-educated graduates, responsible for technically complex, highly significant scientific programs. Even though these professionals are highly proficient in traditional analytical competenc...
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NASA engineers are some of the world's best-educated graduates, responsible for technically complex, highly significant scientific programs. Even though these professionals are highly proficient in traditional analytical competencies, there is a unique opportunity to offer continuing education that further enhances their overall scientific minds. With a goal of maintaining the Agency's passionate, 'best in class'; engineering workforce, the NASA Academy of Program/Project and Engineering Leadership (APPEL) provides educational resources encouraging foundational learning, professional development, and knowledge sharing. NASA APPEL is currently partnering with the scientific community's most respected subject matter experts to expand its engineering curriculum beyond the analytics and specialized subsystems in the areas of: understanding NASA's overall vision and its fundamental basis, and the Agency initiatives supporting them; sharing NASA's vast reservoir of engineering experience, wisdom, and lessons learned; and innovatively designing hardware for manufacturability, assembly, and servicing. It takes collaboration and innovation to educate an organization that possesses such a rich and important history and a future that is of great global interest. NASA APPEL strives to intellectually nurture the Agency's technical professionals, build its capacity for future performance, and exemplify its core values to better enable NASA to meet its strategic vision and beyond.
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This report presents first-year results of a multi-year project designed to assess the effects of standard safety belt enforcement on police safety-belt-related harassment. Six sets of questions aimed at gaining a better understan...
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This report presents first-year results of a multi-year project designed to assess the effects of standard safety belt enforcement on police safety-belt-related harassment. Six sets of questions aimed at gaining a better understanding of the effects of standard enforcement were investigated. Results of the study include: (1) the introduction of standard enforcement did not change the number of safety-belt-related harassment complaints from citizens; (2) the number of safety belt citations increased by about 9 percent after standard enforcement, while child restraint citations decreased slightly; (3) the citation conviction-rate increased after standard enforcement; (4) statewide over-representation of safety belt citations was clearly present for males and those under 30 years of age, but did not change after standard enforcement; (5) statewide citation over-representation by race was found prior to standard enforcement but not after; (6) little difference in the statewide citation over-representation patterns was found when only citations that resulted in convictions were considered; and (7) perceptions of harassment were not common among the population of people receiving safety belt citations, but Black/African Americans in this population were more likely to report safety-belt-related harassment by race even though close to one-half received citations from Black/African American officers.
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A research program is to develop a physically sound design model for shipboard vacuum sewers. This report covers a series of experiments dealing with flow in a horizontal 50-mm pipe. The test facility and instrumentation are descr...
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A research program is to develop a physically sound design model for shipboard vacuum sewers. This report covers a series of experiments dealing with flow in a horizontal 50-mm pipe. The test facility and instrumentation are described, with emphasis on the accuracy of the various transducers. The performance characteristics of an ejector vacuum pump are quantified. The variation of vacuum with space and time is discussed and related to the pattern of flow as revealed by high speed video recording. Large vacuum drops are found to be related to the transitory formation of slugs which bridge the pipe bore. Vacuum sewer flow appears to be a chaotic dynamical system. Profiles of time average vacuum are related to controllable parameters such as flush volume and frequency and are compared with the homogeneous and Lockhart-Martinelli head loss models. A correlation for the volume of air admitted in a single flush is proposed. The report closes with conclusions and recommendations for further work. Keywords: Vacuum sewers, Vacuum collection, Two-phase flow, Sewage collection, Wastewater collection. (JHD)
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